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Date: 05/19/25
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Our Goals

  1. Acquire and make easily accessible to zoo and aquarium professionals the current body of knowledge on animal welfare and ethics.
  2. Conduct and facilitate welfare assessments and applied welfare research on captive exotic animals.
  3. Convene important discussions and presentations on captive exotic animal welfare and ethics.
  4. Train professionals on captive exotic animal welfare best practices and policies.
  5. Recognize advances in improving captive exotic animal welfare and ethics through awards.
URL: https://detroitzoo.org/resources/?fwp_search=flooring

Bird Welfare in Zoos and Aquariums: General Insights across Industries

Authors: Jocelyn M Woods, Adrienne Eyer, Lance J Miller

Publication/Journal: Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens

Keywords: bird habitats, environmental enrichment, flooring, genetics, human-animal interactions, lighting, nutrition, social management, sound environment, substrate

2022

Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in captive Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) housed under three different enrichment regimes

Authors: Nirali Panchal, Chena Desai, Ratna Ghosal

Publication/Journal: PloS one

Keywords: animal welfare, environmental enrichment, fecal glucocorticoid metabolite, leopard

2022

From left to right all through the night: Characteristics of lying rest in zoo elephants

Authors: Christian Schiffmann, Linda Hellriegel, Marcus Clauss, Brother Stefan, Kevin Knibbs, Christian Wenker, Therese Hård, Cordula Galeffi

Publication/Journal: Zoo Biology

Keywords: elephants, rest, zoo

2022

From left to right all through the night: Characteristics of lying rest in zoo elephants

Authors: Christian Schiffmann, Linda Hellriegel, Marcus Clauss, Brother Stefan, Kevin Knibbs, Christian Wenker, Therese Hård, Cordula Galeffi

Publication/Journal: Zoo Biology

Keywords: elephant, rest, sleep, zoo

2022

The use of biofloors in great ape zoo exhibits

Authors: Jesse G Leinwand, Jill A Moyse, Lydia M Hopper, Maureen Leahy, Stephen R Ross

Publication/Journal: Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research

Keywords: bedding, biofloor, deep litter, exhibit design, great apes, primates, welfare, zoo

2021

Soft and persistent-The influence of sand-flooring and calves on the resting behavior of a zoo-kept African elephant (Loxodonta africana) group

Authors: Christian Schiffmann, Therese Hard, Madeleine Hjelm, Marcus Clauss

Publication/Journal: Zoo Biology

Keywords: lying and leaning rest, sand flooring, zoo elephants

2019

Dairy goats prefer to use different flooring types to perform different behaviours

Authors: Mhairi A. Sutherland, Gemma L. Lowe, Trevor J. Watson, Colleen M. Ross, Delphine Rapp, Gosia A. Zobel

Publication/Journal: Applied Animal Behaviour Science

Keywords: bacteriology, bedding, behaviour, flooring, preference, welfare

2017

Housing and Social Environments of African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) Elephants in North American Zoos

Authors: C. L. Meehan, J. N. Hogan, M. K. Bonaparte-Saller, J. A. Mench

Publication/Journal: Plos One

Keywords: elephants, housing, social environment, zoo

2016

Management and design of hospital pens relative to behavior of the compromised dairy cow: A questionnaire survey of Iowa dairy farms

Authors: Katrine K. Fogsgaard, Mette S. Herskin, Patrick J. Gorden, Leo L. Timms, Jan K. Shearer, Suzanne T. Millman

Publication/Journal: Applied Animal Behaviour Science

Keywords: animal welfare, dairy cattle, hospital pens, sickness behavior

2016

Recumbence Behavior in Zoo Elephants: Determination of Patterns and Frequency of Recumbent Rest and Associated Environmental and Social Factors

Authors: M. R. Holdgate, C. L. Meehan, J. N. Hogan, L. J. Miller, J. Rushen, A. M. de Passille, J. Soltis, J. Andrews, D. J. Shepherdson

Publication/Journal: Plos One

Keywords: elephants, recumbency, welfare, zoo

2016

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The Detroit Zoological Society – a renowned leader in
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and sustainability – operates the Detroit Zoo and Belle Isle Nature Center.

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