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Date: 05/18/25
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Our Goals

  1. Acquire and make easily accessible to zoo and aquarium professionals the current body of knowledge on animal welfare and ethics.
  2. Conduct and facilitate welfare assessments and applied welfare research on captive exotic animals.
  3. Convene important discussions and presentations on captive exotic animal welfare and ethics.
  4. Train professionals on captive exotic animal welfare best practices and policies.
  5. Recognize advances in improving captive exotic animal welfare and ethics through awards.
URL: https://detroitzoo.org/resources/?fwp_search=causation

Sixty Years of Tinbergen’s Four Questions and Their Continued Relevance to Applied Behaviour and Welfare Research in Zoo Animals: A Commentary

Authors: Robert Kelly, Paul Rose

Publication/Journal: Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens

Keywords: animal management, behavioural ecology, causation, conservation, function, ontogeny, phylogeny, zoo animal husbandry

2024


The Effect of Enrichment Filling and Engagement Time on Regurgitation and Reingestion Behaviour in Three Zoo-Housed Orangutans

Authors: Rebecca Nash, Helen Johnston, Amy Robbins, Kris Descovich

Publication/Journal: Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens

Keywords: behaviour, enrichment, primate, regurgitation, welfare, zoo

2021


Do Social Factors Related to Allostatic Load Affect Stereotypy Susceptibility? Management Implications for Captive Social Animals

Authors: M. B. Nagy-Reis, O. Mendonça-Furtado, B. Resende

Publication/Journal: Animal Welfare

Keywords: allostatic load, animal welfare, capuchin monkeys, pacing, social animals, stereotypy

2019


Abnormal repetitive behaviours in captive birds: a Tinbergian review

Authors: Emma Mellor, Ben Brilot, Sarah Collins

Publication/Journal: Applied Animal Behaviour Science

Keywords: abnormal repetitive behaviour, bird welfare, causation, development, evolution, function

2018


Integrating Tinbergen’s inquiries: Mimicry and play in humans and other social mammals

Authors: Elisabetta Palagi, Chiara Scopa

Publication/Journal: Learning & Behavior

Keywords: apes, dogs, emotional contagion, ethological perspective, homo sapiens, monkeys, seals

2017


Agent-based modelling in applied ethology: An exploratory case study of behavioural dynamics in tail biting in pigs

Authors: Iris J. M. M. Boumans, Gert Jan Hofstede, J. Elizabeth Bolhuis, Imke J. M. de Boer, Eddie A. M. Bokkers

Publication/Journal: Applied Animal Behaviour Science

Keywords: agent-based model, behavioural patterns, motivation, tail biting behaviour, time-budget, welfare

2016


Animal welfare initiatives improve feather cover of cage-free laying hens in the UK

Authors: S. Mullan, C. Szmaragd, M. D. Cooper, J. H. M. Wrathall, J. Jamieson, A. Bond, C. Atkinson, D. C. J. Main

Publication/Journal: Animal Welfare

Keywords: animal welfare, farm assurance, feather loss, hen, industry, policy

2016


How does temperature affect behaviour? Multilevel analysis of plasticity, personality and predictability in hermit crabs

Authors: Mark Briffa, Danielle Bridger, Peter A. Biro

Publication/Journal: Animal Behaviour

Keywords: boldness, hermit crab, iiv, pagurus bernhardus, personality, plasticity, startle response

2013


Why and how should we use environmental enrichment to tackle stereotypic behaviour?☆

Authors: G. Mason, R. Clubb, N. Latham, S. Vickery

Publication/Journal: Applied Animal Behaviour Science

Keywords: abnormal behavior, abnormal behaviour, animal welfare, environmental enrichment, prevalence, stereotypic behavior, stereotypic behaviour, zoo animals

2007


Relationships between patterns of Fecal corticoid excretion and behavior, reproduction, and environmental factors in captive black (Diceros bicornis) and white (Ceratotherium simum) rhinoceros

Authors: Kathy Carlstead, Janine L. Brown

Publication/Journal: Zoo Biology

Keywords: adrenal activity, mortality, olfactory behavior, ovarian activity, reproduction, stress

2005


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