Small ruminants: Digestive capacity differences among four species weighing less than 20 kg
Publication Type: |
Journal Article |
Year of Publication: |
1996 |
Authors: |
Nancy Lou Conklin-Brittain, Ellen S. Dierenfeld |
Publication/Journal: |
Zoo Biology |
Publisher: |
A Wiley Company, Inc., Wiley Subscription Services |
Keywords: |
bay or black-backed duiker, maxwell's duiker, nutrition, pudu, red brocket |
ISBN: |
1098-2361 |
Abstract:
Abstract 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:5<481::AID-ZOO4>3.3.CO;2-C Small ruminants are generally classified as either browsers or frugivores. We compared intake and digestion in one browsing species, the pudu (Pudu pudu), body weight 9 kg, and three frugivorous species, the red brocket (Mazama americana), 20 kg, the bay duiker (Cephalophus dorsalis), 12 kg, and Maxwell’s duiker (C. maxwellii), 9 kg. Rations comprised: a commercial grain and alfalfa pellet, a small amount of vegetables, and mixed hay. Across species, neutral-detergent fiber (insoluble fiber) consumed averaged 34.2 ± 2.6% of dry matter (DM) while the crude protein consumed averaged 16.1 ± 0.5% DM. Apparent DM digestion was similar in pudu (75.2 ± 4.7%), brocket (73.2 ± 1.1%), and Maxwell’s duikers (73.0 ± 2.8%), and significantly lower (P = 0.0167) in bay duikers (67.1 ± 4.3%). There were significant differences among species in digestibilities of neutral-detergent fiber, hemicellulose, and cellulose, but they did not follow body size differences, since larger species were expected to show higher digestion coefficients for fiber compared to smaller species. The type of fiber fed may have influenced these results. Frugivores may be adapted to a diet of soluble fibers, as might be found in wild fruits, instead of the insoluble fibers in the diet fed. Passage trials were conducted on the two smallest species. The mean transit time for pudu was 29.9 ± 0.8 hr, and for the Maxwell’s duiker was 42.2 ± 6.4 hr. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.