A comparison of the vocal repetoires of captive Spheniscus penguins.
Publication Type: |
Journal Article |
Year of Publication: |
1998 |
Authors: |
N. N. Thumser, M. S. Ficken |
Publication/Journal: |
Marine Ornithology |
Keywords: |
penguins, spheniscus, vocal |
Abstract:
This study characterized the vocal repertoires of captive African Spheniscus demersus, Humboldt S. humboldti, and Magellanic S. magellanicus Penguins. The contexts of the calls observed in captivity were consistent with the functions reported in the wild. However, the number and types of calls appeared to be influenced by the stability and density of the captive populations. Significant individual and species level variation occurred in temporal and frequency parameters of the Haw and Bray calls. No significant variation was apparent at the population level; however, these were artificial zoo populations and wild populations should be examined. The implications of the results as related to ecological factors are also considered.