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Applying scientific advances to the welfare of farm animals: why is it getting more difficult?
Despite interest and willingness to apply advances in animal welfare science, it is becoming increasingly difficult to do so. This paper addresses three main areas. The first deals with economic consequences and, while recognising the cost of implementing change, highlights the importance of hidden costs in animal disease. It argues that when these costs are […]
Gas killing of rats: the effect of supplemental oxygen on aversion to carbon dioxide
High concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), used for killing laboratory rodents, are known to be more strongly aversive to rats than sweet food items are attractive. This study investigated whether the maintenance of a high oxygen (O2) concentration, using a gas mixture of 70% CO2 and 30% O2, would reduce aversion to CO2 during a […]
Luminance and glare in indoor cattle-handling facilities
This study examined the sources of glare and range in luminance levels in eleven UK cattle abattoirs, and the effect of reflected glare from a footbath on balking behaviour of cows in a milking parlour. At the abattoirs, the mean luminance levels decreased from 240,000 cd m-2 outdoors to 100 cd m-2 in the stunning […]
Some Practical Solutions to Welfare Problems in Dog Breeding
This paper reviews the history of the establishment of dog breeds, summarizes current health and resultant welfare problems and makes some positive suggestions for their resolution. Some breed standards and selection practices run counter to the welfare interests of dogs, to the extent that some breeds are characterized by traits that may be difficult to […]
Breeding for quality of life
Many breeds of companion animal have inherited disorders that may impair quality of life (QoL) to the extent that it is unkind to keep them alive. If we struggle to discern when this point is reached, why do we breed compromised, short-lived animals in the first place? If we struggle to judge when environmental conditions […]
A Comparison of the Activity Budgets of Wild and Captive Sulawesi Crested Black Macaques (Macaca Nigra)
One aim of environmental enrichment techniques is to replicate ‘wild-like’ behaviour in captivity. In this study. three captive troops of Sulawesi crested black macaques (Macaca nigra) were each observed for 100 h in large naturalistic enclosures. Activity budgets constructed from these observations were compared with published data collected from wild troops in the DuaSudara Nature […]
Autonomy and paternalism in quality of life determinations in veterinary practice
Assessments and predictions of patient quality of life (QoL) permeate many veterinary decisions, including (1) whether to perform a procedure due to concurrent QoL issues, (2) whether a procedure will negatively affect QoL in the near or distant future, and (3) whether QoL is poor enough to warrant euthanasia. In order to understand how veterinarians […]
A hypothetical strategy for the objective evaluation of animal well-being and quality of life using a dog model
In this paper I describe a hypothetical strategy for assessing poor and good welfare with the aim of making a judgement about an animal’s quality of life. The concepts discussed here may also contribute to the notion of what makes ‘a life worth living’. The strategy involves attributing scores to positive and negative aspects of […]
The Push-Door for Measuring Motivation in Hens: Laying Hens are Motivated to Perch at Night
Free-living hens perch on branches in trees and domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) show signs of unrest if they cannot reach a perch, suggesting that night-time perching is a behaviour that hens are motivated to perform. This motivation was quantified in two experiments using a weighted push-door that hens had to push open in order […]
Early experience with the farm environment and effects on later behaviour in silver Vulpes Abstract vulpes and blue foxes Alopex lagopus
Seventy-one silver fox and 141 blue fox cubs were exposed to constant visual contact with the farm environment from the age of 2 to 8 weeks. The exposure consisted in opening a door in the nest box facing the feed gang-way. Control cubs (33 silver and 77 blue foxes) were reared in similar but closed […]