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Physiological Responses of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) to Conditions Experienced during Road Transport
Waas, J. R., J. R. Ingram and L. R. Matthews. Physiological responses of red deer (Cervus elaphus) to conditions experienced during road transport. Physiol Behav 61(6) 931-938, 1997.–Remote heart rate and blood sampling devices were attached to transported red deer stags to assess the effects of several road transport parameters on physiological responses associated with […]
Zoos and a century of change
Over the last 100 years changes in life-style expectations of the human population have brought about unprecedented demands on the Earth’s resources. Over the same period responsible zoos have developed from menageries to satisfy the curiosity of the masses to conservation organizations with a greater sensitivity to the welfare of animals and an improved knowledge […]
Memory of visual and topographical features suggests spatial learning in nautilus (Nautilus pompilius L.)
Previous studies demonstrate that soft-bodied (coleoid) cephalopods are adept at learning and remembering features of their environment, but little is known about their primitive relative, nautilus. Nautilus makes nightly migrations from deep to shallow water along coral reef slopes, covering large areas of varied substrate. Memory of its surroundings may be advantageous, but the nautilus […]
Does the flicker frequency of fluorescent lighting affect the welfare of captive European starlings?
It is common practice for captive birds to be kept under fluorescent lighting, which typically flickers at either 100 Hz (UK) or 120 Hz (USA). Such lighting was developed for human vision and it is thought that birds may be able to detect higher frequencies of flicker than humans. For humans, 100 Hz fluorescent lighting […]
Separating a horse from the social group for riding or training purposes: a descriptive study of human-horse interactions
The aim of this study was to investigate how difficult it was to halter and separate a horse (Equus caballus) from a group for riding or training purposes and to describe how human-horse interactions could affect this common procedure. A total of 20 different horse groups, with a minimum of five horses in each, were […]
Is welfare all that matters? A discussion of what should be included in policy-making regarding animals
Policy-making concerned with animals often includes human interests, such as economy, trade, environmental protection, disease control, species conservation etc. When it comes to the interests of the animals, such policy-making often makes use of the results of animal welfare science to provide assessments of ethically relevant concerns for animals. This has provided a scientific rigour […]
Appetite regulation: The central role of melatonin in Danio rerio
Melatonin is the hormonal mediator of photoperiodic information to the central nervous system in vertebrates and allows the regulation of energy homeostasis through the establishment of a proper balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of melatonin in appetite central control analyzing the involvement of […]
Chronic treatment with the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone results in increased anxiety-like behavior
Aldosterone is the last component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inducing its peripheral effects via mineralocorticoid receptors (MR). Brain MR bind preferentially glucocorticoids. So far, the role of MR in behavioral functions has been investigated almost exclusively in relation to glucocorticoids. Recently, aldosterone itself has been linked to affective disorders. The aim of this study was […]
Chronic stress, hormone profiles and estrus intensity in dairy cattle
The objectives of the present study were to determine if lameness, a model for a natural chronic stressor, affects hormone concentrations in milk prior to estrus and/or the subsequent expression of estrus in the postpartum period. Dairy cows > 20 days postpartum were scored for lameness and observed for estrus intensity using a weighted scoring system (> 100 […]
Integrating function and mechanism
Behavioural ecology often makes the assumption that animals can respond flexibly by adopting the optimal behaviour for each circumstance. However, as ethologists have long known, behaviour is determined by mechanisms that are not optimal in every circumstance. As we discuss here, we believe that it is necessary to integrate these separate traditions by considering the […]