Measurement of fecal steroids in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) using group-specific enzyme immunoassays for 20-oxo-pregnanes
Publication Type: |
Journal Article |
Year of Publication: |
1996 |
Authors: |
Franz Schwarzenberger, Kristina Tomášová, Dana Holečková, Bernd Matern, Erich Möstl |
Publication/Journal: |
Zoo Biology |
Publisher: |
A Wiley Company, Inc., Wiley Subscription Services |
Keywords: |
noninvasive, perrisodactyla, pregnancy diagnosis, reproductive monitoring, rhinoceros conservation |
ISBN: |
1098-2361 |
Abstract:
Abstract 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:2<159::AID-ZOO6>3.3.CO;2-3 The metabolism and excretion of progesterone in different animal species results in several fecal 5-reduced progesterone metabolites (pregnanes), which in recent studies were quantified using progesterone antibodies. To increase the accuracy of fecal 20-oxo-pregnane evaluations in the black rhinoceros, enzyme immunoassays (EIA) using antibodies against 5α-pregnane-3β-ol-20-one 3HS:BSA (5α-20-one EIA) and 5β-pregnane-3α-ol-20-one 3HS:BSA (5β-20-one EIA) were developed. The assays showed high crossreactivities with pregnanes containing a 20-oxo group and are referred to as group-specific; results of these assays were compared with an EIA using an antibody against 6HS-progesterone (4-ene-20-one EIA). Fecal samples of both subspecies of the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli, n = 5, and Diceros bicornis minor, n = 1) during pregnancy were collected 1–3 times/week. HPLC separation showed three major immunoreactive fecal 20-oxo-pregnane peaks; their elution profiles and different crossreactivities in the three EIAs provided strong evidence that these peaks are 5α-pregnane-3, 20-dione, 5α-pregnane-3α-ol-20-one, and 5α-pregnane-3β-ol-20-one. Pregnane values in the pregnant animals continuously increased between months 3–7 and were significantly (P < 0.01) elevated above the levels of nonpregnant animals (0.2 μg/g) by week 11. During months 6–13 concentrations in the 5α-20-one and in the 5β-20-one EIA (5–11 μg/g) were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than in the 4-ene-20-one EIA (1.5–3 μg/g). In conclusion, the immunoreactive fecal 20-oxo-pregnane metabolites in the black rhinoceros are determined more accurately with antibodies against pregnane-20-one-C3 conjugates, as compared with a progesterone antibody. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.