Bonobos, Pan paniscus, chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, and marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, prefer to feed alone
Publication Type: |
Journal Article |
Year of Publication: |
2013 |
Authors: |
Anke F. Bullinger, Judith M. Burkart, Alicia P. Melis, Michael Tomasello |
Publication/Journal: |
Animal Behaviour |
Keywords: |
bonobo, callithrix jacchus, chimpanzee, common marmoset, cooperative breeder, food sharing, motivation, pan paniscus, pan troglodytes |
ISBN: |
0003-3472 |
Abstract:
Many primates share food, but the motives behind this food sharing are mostly not known. We investigated individuals’ preference to feed either alone or together with a tolerant partner. Subjects (chimpanzees who are highly competitive around food, bonobos who are more tolerant around food and common marmosets who are cooperative breeders and share food actively with some partners) were tested with a door-opening paradigm. In a 2 × 2 design with the factors ‘food’ and ‘partner’, subjects had the opportunity to eat piles of sharable food, if present, and/or to open the door, thereby allowing the partner, if present, to join the subject. While food had a main effect on the subject’s behaviour, the presence of the partner did not. Individuals of all species opened the door much more often if there was no food available. These results suggest that regardless of their differing social organizations, chimpanzees, bonobos and marmosets do not voluntarily co-feed, but do not mind having company if there is no food present.