Assessing the welfare challenges to out-wintered pregnant suckler cows
Publication Type: |
Journal Article |
Year of Publication: |
2009 |
Authors: |
C. A. Morgan, K. McIlvaney, C. M. Dwyer, A. B. Lawrence |
Publication/Journal: |
animal |
Keywords: |
behaviour, cows, lower critical temperature, welfare |
ISBN: |
1751-7311 1751-732X |
Abstract:
Out-wintering beef cows reduces annual housing costs and bedding requirements and there is less exposure to diseases
associated with housing. However, to counter these benefits cows may be exposed to conditions that pose a significant
challenge to welfare, and ways of assessing this are required. Two feeding treatments were applied to four groups of 10 cows
(two groups/treatment), one to maintain condition score (H) and the other to allow a modest loss of condition score (L), which
is commonly applied in farm practice. Cow groups were rotated around four paddocks in a Latin Square design of four periods
each of 3 weeks, and they were weighed and condition was scored at the end of each period. Their behaviour and location
was recorded at 30-min intervals with six 3-h sessions in each period. Ambient temperature, wind speed, rainfall and solar
radiation were recorded every 30 min to enable calculation of cow lower critical temperature (LCT). The climatic conditions
were wet at the start of the experiment with moderate wind speeds throughout (5 m/s) and relatively mild ambient
temperature (58C). Feeding treatment had no significant effect on any of the variables measured. Cows spent most of the
observation sessions standing, particularly at the beginning of the experiment when the soil conditions were wettest. They
sought sheltered locations when wind speeds were high and thus their calculated LCT was near or below ambient temperature.
Nutritional models predicted periods of cold stress but the cows adapted their behaviour to counteract this, emphasising the
need for a combined physical and behavioural approach to assessing welfare challenges.