Aging Gracefully: Compassion for Nonhuman Animal Elders
Many nonhuman animals (hereafter animals) grow old within zoos. Aging animals undergo innumerable bodily and mental changes, some of which lead to suffering and keep them from flourishing while others move them towards other roles, opportunities, and standing. Those who take care of aging animals are confronted with various moral considerations of what it takes […]
Facility Design for Ageing Wild Animals
The blending of science with empathy through multidisciplinary design of animal facilities and features can contribute to the wellbeing of disabled and elderly animals in zoos, sanctuaries and research facilities and may prevent or slow some common degenerative conditions. The importance of designed features benefiting both animals and animal carers is emphasized. Subjects include the […]
Holistic Approaches to Optimal Wellbeing of Ageing Wild Animals
Promoting good wellbeing in ageing animals benefits from a holistic approach considering a wide spectrum of physical and psychological aspects, through the lens of 24/7 across lifespan. A particular focus on the hours care staff is not usually at a facility is key, and professional zoos endeavour to provide animals with choice and control to […]
Use of Blood Lactate in Assessment of Manual Capture Techniques of Zoo-Housed Crocodilians
Species-specific welfare indicators are important in promoting positive welfare for zoo animals. Reptiles are a notoriously understudied group in regards to behavior, welfare needs, and husbandry requirements. Using opportunistically obtained samples, we evaluated how blood lactate is affected by variation in manual capture and restraint in crocodilians. Lactate is an indicator of anerobic metabolism in […]
Future Directions for Personality Research: Contributing New Insights to the Understanding of Animal Behavior
As part of the European Conference on Behavioral Biology 2018, we organized a symposium entitled, “Animal personality: providing new insights into behavior?” The aims of this symposium were to address current research in the personality field, spanning both behavioral ecology and psychology, to highlight the future directions for this research, and to consider whether differential […]
Space use as an indicator of enclosure appropriateness: A novel measure of captive animal welfare
Empirical measures of animal behavior and space use within the captive environment can provide critical information about animals’ requirements, preferences and internal states. The trend toward naturalistic environments has shown promise in terms of behavioral benefits for animals such as great apes, and there have been several studies of the effects of complex environments on […]
An elephant in the room : the science and well-being of elephants in captivity
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Philosophical debate on the nature of well-being: Implications for animal welfare
There has been much consideration of well-being in philosophy, especially of human well-being, which contributes to our understanding of animal welfare. Three common approaches to well-being are presented here, which map approximately onto three possible ideas about animal welfare. Perfectionism and other forms of ‘objective list’ theories suggest that there are various values that should […]
Scientific approaches to enrichment and stereotypies in zoo animals: what’s been done and where should we go next?
The zoo scientific community was among the first to focus attention on captivity-induced stereotypic behaviors, their causes, and methods of eradication. Environmental enrichment has emerged recently as the main husbandry tool for tackling this problem. An increasing number of research publications have attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of enrichment in reducing stereotypic behavior and to […]
The ins and outs of the litter box: A detailed ethogram of cat elimination behavior in two contrasting environments
Few studies have sought to describe cat elimination behavior in detail and much of the information presently available focuses on factors that potentially cause cats to reject a litter box. Thus, the ethograms published in the current veterinary and scientific literature largely focus on macro behaviors (e.g., enter box, dig, squat, cover, and exit box) […]