A comparison of the vocal repetoires of captive Spheniscus penguins.

This study characterized the vocal repertoires of captive African Spheniscus demersus, Humboldt S. humboldti, and Magellanic S. magellanicus Penguins. The contexts of the calls observed in captivity were consistent with the functions reported in the wild. However, the number and types of calls appeared to be influenced by the stability and density of the captive […]