Assessing the welfare of dairy calves: outcome-based measures of calf health versus input-based measures of the use of risky management practices
The mortality and morbidity of unweaned dairy calves and management practices that may impair calf health and welfare were surveyed on 115 farms in Canada (Quebec) and 60 farms in Central Europe (Austria and Germany) to examine whether outcome-based measures of calf health could be used to identify farms that use management practices that place […]