Zaias et al present a Holistic Pinniped Wellness Index (HPWI) for application to pinnipeds in managed care. The first HPWI category is absence of prolonged hunger and thirst. This can be measured similarly to dolphins and involves assessment of hydration, body condition, health, and feeding data. HPWI’s second category, appropriate housing, is described as resting and thermal comfort and appropriate environment. For pinnipeds, this involves a dry land/surface for hauling out in addition to their aquatic habitat. The third category is the absence of illness, injury, or pain, which can be measured by physical and clinical examination findings. The last HPWI category is appropriate behaviors, interactions with people, and motivation.