The genetic diversity of  mountain bongos from  the European Endangered Species Programme (EEP) was assessed in this study. There are less than 140 wild individuals of this  rareand critically endangered African antelope, which  has eroded genetic diversity, with only two haplotypes detected with mitochondrial DNA markers in wild populations. Genetic diversity of ten captive individuals was measured by sequencing a portion of the mitochondrial DNA control region and the resulting sequences were compared to published data from this subspecies and used to establish levels of haplotype-sharing between wild and captive populations. Our data show that captive, mountain bongo populations harbour a rare haplotype found in less than 5% of individuals in  some wild populations and absent in others. The findings suggest that captive individuals harbour valuable genetic diversity, making them potentially valuable candidates for a reintroduction programme to help reinforce the gene pools of wild populations. We further propose a two-way approach that also involves introducing wild individuals into captive populations, with the goal of maintaining the genetic health of both in-situ and ex-situ populations.