Estrous state influences on investigative, aggressive, and tail flicking behavior in captive female Asian elephants

Abstract 10.1002/zoo.20181.abs Females of species that live in matrilineal hierarchies may compete for temporally limited resources, yet maintain social harmony to facilitate cohesion. The relative degree of aggressive and nonaggressive interactions may depend on the reproductive condition of sender and receiver. Individuals can benefit by clearly signaling and detecting reproductive condition. Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) […]