Diseases acquired by captive penguins: What happens when they are released into the wild?
The possibility of diseases being picked up by penguins and other birds during captivity and the effects which could follow if such birds are released into the wild are discussed. Ways of mitigating such problems are suggested for the African Penguin Spheniscus demersus.
Early life experiences affect the adaptive capacity of rearing hens during infectious challenges
This study aimed to investigate whether pre- and early postnatal experiences of rearing hens contribute to the ability to cope with infectious challenges at an older age. In a 232 factorial arrangement, 352 Lohmann Brown chicks were exposed to either suboptimal or optimized incubation plus hatch conditions, and to cage or enriched rearing from week […]