Free food or earned food? A review and fuzzy model of contrafreeloading
Animals will work (e.g. lever press) for [`]earned’ food even though identical [`]free’ food can easily be obtained from a nearby dish. This phenomenon, called contrafreeloading, appears to contradict a basic tenet of most learning, motivation and optimal foraging theories; namely that animals strive to maximize the ratio of reward, or benefit, to effort, or […]