Environmental enrichment exerts anxiolytic effects in the Indian field mouse (Mus booduga)
Environmental enrichment (EE) is known to have behavioral and physiological anxiolytic effects in several animal models. However, it is as yet unclear how EE modulates behavior of wild animals and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The adult male field mouse Mus booduga (n = 42) captured at agricultural field, were housed in non-enriched standard condition (SC) […]
The inflamed axis: The interaction between stress, hormones, and the expression of inflammatory-related genes within key structures comprising the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
Acute stress increases the expression of cytokines and other inflammatory-related factors in the CNS, plasma, and endocrine glands, and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways within the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis may play a key role in later stress sensitization. In addition to providing a summary of stress effects on neuroimmune changes within the CNS, we present […]