Prevalence of stereotypies and its possible causes among captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Tamil Nadu, India

Animals in captivity are often confined in small barren enclosures, preventing adequate exercise, and socialization with conspecifics. Captivity is also known for depriving young individuals’ association with maternal relatives by weaning away from their mothers’ earlier than what their peers experience in free-living populations. Such husbandry practices often lead to various welfare problems among captive […]