Interactions between red-billed oxpeckers and black rhinos in captivity
Abstract 10.1002/zoo.20013.abs The relationship between oxpeckers and African ungulates has traditionally been considered mutualistic, because the birds were thought to reduce the tick loads of their hosts. However, recent field studies have questioned the validity of this assumption. Red-billed oxpeckers were found to have no impact on the number of ticks living on domestic cattle […]