Captive husbandry and bioenergetics of the spiny butterfly ray, Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus)

Abstract 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:23.3.CO;2-N Historically, gymnurid rays have not done well in a captive environment. This report describes success in maintaining two specimens of the spiny butterfly ray, Gymnura altavela, in captivity. An aggressive husbandry protocol of tube feeding and force feeding maintained energy levels until the rays began to feed on their own. The rays used […]